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There is no reason to buy another one ton 630 chain. Pick up a 530 or 520 conversion. The bike will shed up to 8 lbs of dead weight the motor doesn't have to move saving you HP and fuel mileage.  An early 90's GSXR 530 sprocket will bolt right onto your Katana wheel. Even better, go to PARTS page and get a killer stealth conversion kit.

A 520 chain and sprocket some say are plenty of strength for most. I will be running one on my 1260. You can find them on GSXR 1000's which produce more HP than our bikes. If you are doing a GSXR conversion, a custom 5/8 offset sprockets in any pitch and any tooth size is available from this site.

A 630 rear sprocket with 42 teeth has a 250mm diameter. In a 530 pitch it takes 50 teeth to equal the 630 sprocket size. So, what's the deal? You have to be careful that the chain  doesn't drag across the pivot of the swing arm and saw through it. For every tooth you +/- the sprocket diameter by about 5mm. See below the picture of the three sprockets 630, 530, 520.

You would never guess that the 630 sprocket  (see picture below) has only 1 more tooth than the 530 cog in the center.
Gearing can be complicated when you don't have all the data. 1st rule of thumb is 1 tooth front = 3 teeth rear. Doesn't matter what pitch, ratio is the same.

When you got your bike it probably had a 130/90-17 tire on it. The stock tire for a 1982 and 1983 Gs1100 Katana is 114/88-17 (4.50v 17) This has already changed your gearing by 3 mph (5 kph) @ 4000 rpm. The 130 tire is larger than the stock one so you may have noticed you are traveling 66 mph (106.5 kph) @ 4000 rpm instead of 62 mph (100 kph) you would have been with the stock tire.

Another common mistake is that you have to calculate tooth sizes when converting to a 530 chain but the fact is that ratios are the same in any pitch. A 15/42 630 sprocket set are the same as the 15/42 530 sprocket set.

You do need to increase the number of teeth as discussed in the 630/530 conversion information. On the left hand side of the page  are some screen shots taken from
GEARING COMMANDER.COM which is the best gearing calculator on the internet and I highly recommend you go on over and bookmark the site. These charts will be quite helpful.
gearing_kph

gearing_kph

gearing_mph

gearing_mph

gearing130

gearing130

topspeed

topspeed

three sprockets
Counter shaft sprocket comparison
The only difference between the 530 and the 520 is the thickness. They are exactly the same pitch.
Keep in mind these numbers are general in application because of many variables
When converting to a 520 or 530 sprocket you will need a 6mm spacer in front of the countershaft sprocket or your sprocket nut will not tighten up against the sprocket.
CHARTS

Gearing/Speed/RPM
IF you are wanting some more grunt in the bottom end you want to decrease the teeth on the front sprocket or increase the rear. Conversely if you do the opposite your RPMs on the highway will be lower at cruzing speeds.